Geochronology, petrogenesis, and tectonic significance of the granites in the Chaqiabeishan area of the Quanji Massif, northwestern China

The Chaqiabeishan area of the Quanji Massif in NW China is characterized by extensive Li-rich pegmatites and granites of various ages. In this study, the major and trace element compositions, U-Pb zircon ages, and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of the granites were investigated, including the Garideng porphyritic monzogranite, the Gongkaxiuma monzogranite, and the Narong granitic porphyry. Precise U-Pb zircon dating revealed that these three granites were emplaced at approximately 468, 444, and 245 Ma, respectively. The geologic and geochemical data indicate that the Garideng porphyritic monzogranite and the Narong granitic porphyry are two I-type granites, and the Gongkaxiuma monzogranite is an A(2)-type granite. Based on the Hf isotopes and geochemical data, the Garideng porphyritic monzogranite and the Narong granitic porphyry were derived from partial melting of the relatively deep and relatively shallow juvenile mantle-derived mafic lower crust, respectively, while the Gongkaxiuma monzogranite was derived from partial melting of the granulitic metamorphic basement. Moreover, tectonically, the Garideng porphyritic monzogranite represents the northward subduction of the South Qilian oceanic plate from 500 to 440 Ma. The Gongkaxiuma monzogranite represents the closure of the South Qilian Ocean by similar to 440 Ma, and the Narong granitic porphyry represents the Late Permian to Middle Triassic southward subduction of the Zongwulong oceanic plate under the Quanji Massif.