Distributed State Estimation Over Unreliable Communication Networks With an Application to Smart Grids

In contrast to the traditional centralized power system state estimation methods, this paper investigates the interconnected optimal filtering problem for distributed dynamic state estimation considering packet losses. Specifically, the power system incorporating microgrids is modeled as a state-space linear equation where sensors are deployed to obtain measurements. Basically, the sensing information is transmitted to the energy management system through a lossy communication network where measurements are lost. This can seriously deteriorate the system monitoring performance and even lose network stability. Second, as the system states are unavailable, so the estimation is essential to know the overall operating conditions of the electricity network. Availability of the system states provides designers with an accurate picture of the power network, so a suitable control strategy can be applied to avoid massive blackouts due to losing network stability. Particularly, the proposed estimator is based on the mean squared error between the actual state and its estimate. To obtain the distributed estimation, the optimal local and neighboring gains are computed to reach a consensus estimation after exchanging their information with the neighboring estimators. Then, the convergence of the developed algorithm is theoretically proved. Afterward, a distributed controller is designed based on the semidefinite programming approach. Simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the developed approaches under the condition of missing measurements.