Acute postinfectious crescentic glomerulonephritis: Clinicopathologic presentation and risk factors

Background: Glomerular crescent formation is a feature of the most severe forms of human glomerulonephritis. The postinfectious form of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with crescents is a form of immune complex glomerulonephritis which seem to have a better prognosis. A relatively poorer prognosis for crescentic postinfectious glomerulonephritis in South Africa has been reported. In the present study, we have tried to determine the mode of presentation, and the prognostic factors for renal and patient outcome for cases with postinfectious crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Methods: Between 1990 and 2000 a total number of 128 patients with CGN were managed at our center, among them 23 cases were diagnosed as postinfectious CGN. They were followed-up for a mean period of 40.1 +/- 28.9 months. Among them 12 were males and 11 were females. The median age was 12.35 years ( range 4-55 years). The median serum creatinine at presentation was 7.24 mg/dl (range 1.3-14.5 mg/dl). We studied the clinical, laboratory and histopathological data. of our cases and their impact on the renal and patient outcome. Results: By univariate study the risk factors for renal dysfunction were the age, hypertension, and nephrotic range proteinuria during the follow-up period. By multivariate analysis only the, hypertension, and presence of nephrotic range proteinuria during the follow-up period were the significant risk factors. The risk factors that significantly affected patient mortality were hypertension and serum creatinine at last follow-up. Conclusion: postinfectious CGN is a severe form of glomerulonephritis that usually presents with rapidly progressive renal failure. The persistence of hypertension and nephrotic range proteinuria during the follow-up are major bad prognostic predictors for renal dysfunction.