RECENT TRENDS IN THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE OF RELIGION: NEUROSCIENCE, RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE, AND THE CONFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH with Lluis Oviedo, "Challenges, Opportunities, and Suggestions for a Renewed Program in the Scientific Study of Religion"; Robert N. McCauley, "Recent Trends in the Cognitive Science of Religion: Neuroscience, Religious Experience, and the Confluence of Cognitive and Evolutionary Research"; Connor Wood, "Antistructure and the Roots of Religious Experience"; Konrad Szocik, "Critical Remarks on the Cognitive Science of Religion"; Hans Van Eyghen, "Religious Belief as Acquired Second Nature"; and Leon Turner, "Isolating the Individual: Theology, the Evolution of Religion, and the Problem of Abstract Individualism."

Cognitive science of religion (CSR) has increased influence in religious studies, the resistance of religious protectionists notwithstanding. CSR's most provocative work stresses the role of implicit cognition in explaining religious thought and conduct. Exhibiting explanatory pluralism, CSR seeks integrative accounts across the social, psychological, and brain sciences. CSR reflects prominent trends in the cognitive sciences generally. First, CSR is giving greater attention to the new tools and findings of cognitive neuroscience. Second, CSR researchers have done carefully designed, nonlaboratory studies of experience, incorporating precise physiological measures, obtaining astonishing findings about the experiences of ritual participants and observers. Third, CSR theorists have advanced evolutionary hypotheses about religions from eight perspectives (cross-indexing three levels of selection with three mechanisms of selection). Cultural group selectionists headline credibility enhancing displays and Big Gods in the religious consolidation of large-scale societies. Other CSR researchers marshal counterevidence and advance alternative hypotheses. CSR findings are incompatible with the New Atheists' projects on two fronts.