Because of inherent complexity and frequent lack of basic dada, the study of influencing factors assessment in coal mine safety so far is in a groping stage. This paper synthetically analyzes the system of coal mine and its influencing factors which contribute to or cause accidents. A model of influencing factors in coal mine safety is advanced. Then a methodology for the factors assessment using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach is proposed herein and an example is presented to demonstrate the application of AHP. The use of AHP approach indicates that it is an efficient and satisfied tool for influencing factors assessment in coal mine safety. And the results of assessment can provide useful info for early warning, safety competency assessment, safety measure and decision-making in coal mines.