A systematic review and meta-analysis on influencing factors of failure of oral implant restoration treatment

Background: With the continuous improvement of human living standards, more and more dental patients are requiring oral implant restoration treatment. However, there is still controversy regarding the influence of risk factors such as osteoporosis, radiotherapy, diabetes, and smoking on the failure of oral implants. This study aimed to explore the correlation between risk factors and failure of oral implant restoration treatment. Methods: The databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Academic, Weipu, Wanfang, PubMed, EBSCO, Medline, Web of knowledge, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library were searched. The search strategies included: subject terms related to research results such as survival, osseointegration, failure, removal, replacement, and loss; related to risk factors: osteoporosis, head and neck cancer, diabetes, and smoking; and oral implantology as a keyword. Results: Thirty-two articles were included in meta-analysis, there was a high heterogeneity between radiotherapy and dental implant failure (I-2=71.6%, P=0.000), and there was an obvious correlation between radiotherapy and dental implant failure [relative risk (RR) = 2.09, 95% confidential interval (CI): 1.68-2.61]. There was heterogeneity between diabetes and oral implant failure in the included articles (I-2 = 59.6%, P=0.084). There was no remarkable correlation between osteoporosis and dental implant failure (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.81-1.74). There was a high heterogeneity between smoking and dental implant failure in the included articles (I-2 = 33.8%, P=0.092), showing obvious correlation (RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.53-2.11). Discussion: The results of meta-analysis confirmed that radiotherapy and smoking were greatly associated with oral implant failure.