Association Between Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Trace Elements, and Cell Proliferation Index in Patients With Benign and Malignant Breast Diseases

Objectives: To understand the association between biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidants, trace elements, and cell proliferation index in relation to the disease progression in the pathophysiology of breast diseases. Design and Methods: Concentrations of markers of oxidative stress, antioxidants, trace elements, and cell proliferation index were evaluated in the patients with benign breast diseases, malignant breast diseases, and healthy volunteers as controls. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the contribution of the selected indexes using odds ratio and associated confidence interval. Results: The level of markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and cell proliferation index were found to be significantly higher with significantly depleted levels of antioxidants and trace elements in breast cancer patients compared with control subjects as well as benign breast disease patients. A similar pattern of changes were observed between benign and control subjects. Conclusion: An inadequate amount of antioxidant enzymes and trace elements may be an important contributing factor associated with oxidative stress leading to elevated levels of MDA and cell proliferation index in relation to disease progression and clinical stage in the pathophysiology of breast diseases.