Approaches to the synthesis of haptens for immunoassay of organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides

The major groups of insecticides that have been used in agriculture over the last two decades are the organophosphorus insecticides and synthetic pyrethroids. Immunoassays provide a simple means for analysis of large numbers of samples for selected target compounds. The design and development of haptens for immunoassays of the target compounds together with the performance characteristics of the resulting assays are reviewed.