Body temperature regulation in the newborn infant: Interaction with sleep and clinical implications

Thermoregulation in newborn infant differs from that of adult. Comparisons between sleep stages show that, during rapid eye movements (REM) sleep, the impairment of thermoregulatory responses in adult is not observed in newborn. Both behavioral and autonomic temperature regulations are always operative in the range of air temperatures usually imposed. The interaction between sleep and thermoregulation seems to be less important in newborns than in adults, suggesting that sleep processes are well protected, reducing the probability of occurrence of central dysfunction. According to the model describing thermoregulation during sleep on the basis of changes in the hierarchical dominance of brain structures, either the influence of diencephalic structures is never depressed in REM sleep or the functional autonomy of the rhombencephalon is still relevant in the immature encephalon of the newborn. The thermoregulatory model also allows understanding of inter-individual differences in thermoregulation and levels of thermoneutrality. An attempt has also been made to learn the role of heat stroke in the production of sudden infant death syndrome when body heat loss is hampered.