Comparative Histomorphometric Analysis of Maxillary Sinus Augmentation With Deproteinized Bovine Bone and Demineralized Particulate Human Tooth Graft: An Experimental Study in Rabbits

Purpose: The aim of this animal study is to evaluate, by histomorphometric analysis, new bone formation in rabbit maxillary sinuses with Bio-Oss and demineralized particulate human tooth graft. Materials and Methods: Bilateral sinus augmentation procedures were performed in 8 adult male rabbits. After preparation of replaceable bony windows on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity with a piezoelectric surgical device, deproteinized bovine graft (Bio-Oss) was grafted in the new compartment of the maxillary sinus after elevation of the sinus membrane in the control group. In the experimental group, the demineralized human particulate tooth bone was grafted in the sinus. The replaceable bony window was repositioned over the bone graft in both groups. Animals were killed at 2 and 8 weeks after the surgical procedure. The augmented sinuses were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome stains. Results: Histologically, new bone was revealed along the elevated sinus membrane and both bone grafts. In the control group, the new bone area at 8 weeks was not significantly different than that at 2 weeks. In the experimental group, the new bone area at 8 weeks was significantly greater than that at 2 weeks. Conclusion: Significant higher new bone formation was revealed in the experimental group than in the control group.