Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases

被引：40

作者：

Cai, Xin ^{[1
]}

Zhan, Huajie ^{[2
]}

Ye, Yuguang ^{[3
]}

Yang, Jinjin ^{[2
]}

Zhang, Minghui ^{[4
]}

Li, Jing ^{[5
,6
]}

Zhuang, Yuan ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Heilongjiang Adm Tradit Chinese Med, Harbin, Peoples R China

[2] Harbin Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Harbin, Peoples R China

[3] Harbin Med Univ, Canc Hosp, Dept Gynecol, Harbin, Peoples R China

[4] Chifeng City Hosp, Dept Oncol, Chifeng, Peoples R China

[5] Harbin Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Harbin, Peoples R China

[6] Harbin Med Univ, Electron Microscopy Ctr, Harbin, Peoples R China

来源：

FRONTIERS IN GENETICS | 2021年 / 12卷

关键词：

immune checkpoint; immunotherapy; cancer; microbiome; PD-1; PD-L1; T-CELL EXHAUSTION; REGULATORY T; CO-STIMULATION; METASTATIC MELANOMA; PD-1/PD-L1; BLOCKADE; ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY; ADVERSE EVENTS; GUT MICROBIOME; PD-1; OPEN-LABEL;

D O I：

10.3389/fgene.2021.785153

中图分类号：

Q3 [遗传学];

学科分类号：

071007 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

The inhibitory regulators, known as immune checkpoints, prevent overreaction of the immune system, avoid normal tissue damage, and maintain immune homeostasis during the antimicrobial or antiviral immune response. Unfortunately, cancer cells can mimic the ligands of immune checkpoints to evade immune surveillance. Application of immune checkpoint blockade can help dampen the ligands expressed on cancer cells, reverse the exhaustion status of effector T cells, and reinvigorate the antitumor function. Here, we briefly introduce the structure, expression, signaling pathway, and targeted drugs of several inhibitory immune checkpoints (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, VISTA, and IDO1). And we summarize the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumors, such as single agent and combination therapy and adverse reactions. At the same time, we further discussed the correlation between immune checkpoints and microorganisms and the role of immune checkpoints in microbial-infection diseases. This review focused on the current knowledge about the role of the immune checkpoints will help in applying immune checkpoints for clinical therapy of cancer and other diseases.

引用

页数：23

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