RETRACTED: Impact of Stefan blowing and magnetic dipole on bio-convective flow of Maxwell nanofluid over a stretching sheet (Retracted Article)

The features of ferromagnetic fluids make it supportive for an extensive usage in loudspeakers, magnetic resonance imaging, computer hard drives, directing of magnetic drug and magnetic hyperthermia. Owing to all such potential applications, the current investigation is to understand the relationship between the thermal distribution, magnetic field and resulting fluid flow of Maxwell liquid over a stretching sheet. Investigation of thermal energy and concentration is carried out in the presence of thermal radiation, non-uniform heat sink/source, chemical reaction, Stefan blowing, magnetic dipole, thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Also, microorganisms are considered just to stabilize the suspended nanoparticles. Boundary layer approximation is employed during mathematical derivation. Based on a new constitutive relation, the governing equations are formulated and are reduced into a coupled non-linear system of equations using appropriate transformations. Further, these equations are solved numerically using fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. The impact of involved parameters is discussed and analysed graphically. Outcomes disclose that Newtonian liquid shows high heat transfer when compared to non-Newtonian (Maxwell) liquid for increased values of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters. Increased values of Peclet number declines the rate of gyrotactic microorganisms. Finally, an increase in Brownian and thermophoresis motion parameters declines the rate of heat transfer.