A perspective on the benefits of consumption of parboiled rice over brown rice for glycaemic control

Purpose Rice is a staple food for over 3.5 billion people worldwide. The nutritional content of rice varies with different post-harvest processing techniques. Major varieties include brown rice (BR), white rice (WR) and parboiled rice (PBR). While consumption of BR is advocated due to its higher nutritional content compared to other varieties, some studies have indicated lower post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG) levels when PBR is consumed. This apparent benefit of PBR consumption is not well publicised and no commentaries on underlying mechanisms are available in literature. Methods In this review, we looked into differential nutrient content of PBR, as compared to BR and WR, and tried to understand how their consumption could be associated with glycaemic control. Various roles played by these nutrients in mechanisms of insulin secretion, insulin resistance, nutrient absorption and T2DM-associated inflammation were reviewed from literature-based evidence. Results We report differential nutritional factors in PBR, with respect to BR (and WR), such as higher calcium and selenium content, lower phytic acids, and enriched vitamin B6 which might aid PBR's ability to provide better glycaemic control than BR. Conclusion Our interpretation of reviewed literature leads us to suggest the possible benefits of PBR consumption in glycaemic control and its inclusion as the preferred rice variant in diets of T2DM patients and at-risk individuals.