Inhibitor kappa B-alpha (IκB-α) promoter polymorphisms in UK and Dutch sarcoidosis

The aetiology of sarcoidosis is uncertain; current thinking implicates exposure of genetically susceptible hosts to environmental factors. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) family of transcription factors are critical regulators of immediate transcriptional responses in inflammatory situations and immune responses. Inhibitor kappa B-alpha (IkappaB-alpha) inhibits NF-kappaB and plays a major role in controlling its activity. We investigated IkappaB-alpha promoter polymorphisms using sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction, at positions -881 (A/G), -826 (C/T), and -297 (C/T) in Caucasian sarcoidosis patients (UK and Dutch [NL]), each with their own controls. Disease severity at presentation was assigned using chest radiography and pulmonary function indices. In the combined populations, the -297T allele carriage was more prevalent in patients than in controls (P = 0.008). Three common haplotypes were found, of which haplotype 2 (GTT) was significantly associated with sarcoidosis in comparison with control subjects (P = 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that the -826T allelic carriage was most prevalent in stage II disease, and more prevalent in stage III than in stage IV (P = 0.01). The -826T allelic carriage did not show any association with lung function. These results indicate that the NF-kappaB activation pathway might be associated with the inflammation of sarcoidosis.