Thyroid Nodule Characterization: How to Assess the Malignancy Risk. Update of the Literature

被引：45

作者：

Fresilli, Daniele ^{[1
]}

David, Emanuele ^{[2
]}

Pacini, Patrizia ^{[1
]}

Del Gaudio, Giovanni ^{[1
]}

Dolcetti, Vincenzo ^{[1
]}

Lucarelli, Giuseppe Tiziano ^{[1
]}

Di Leo, Nicola ^{[1
]}

Bellini, Maria Irene ^{[3
]}

D'Andrea, Vito ^{[3
]}

Sorrenti, Salvatore ^{[3
]}

Mascagni, Domenico ^{[3
]}

Biffoni, Marco ^{[3
]}

Durante, Cosimo ^{[4
]}

Grani, Giorgio ^{[4
]}

De Vincentis, Giuseppe ^{[1
]}

Cantisani, Vito ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Radiol Sci Oncol & Pathol, Policlin Umberto I, I-00161 Rome, Italy

[2] Papardo Hosp, Radiol Unit, Radiol Sci, I-98158 Messina, Italy

[3] Sapienza Univ, Dept Surg Sci, I-00161 Rome, Italy

[4] Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Translat & Precis Med, I-00185 Rome, Italy

来源：

DIAGNOSTICS | 2021年 / 11卷 / 08期

关键词：

MPUS; thyroid nodule; ultrasound; US-elastography; CEUS; FINE-NEEDLE-ASPIRATION; CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASOUND; SHEAR-WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY; DATA SYSTEM; EFSUMB GUIDELINES; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; ASSOCIATION GUIDELINES; SONOGRAPHIC FEATURES; DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY; CONSENSUS STATEMENT;

D O I：

10.3390/diagnostics11081374

中图分类号：

R5 [内科学];

学科分类号：

1002 ; 100201 ;

摘要：

Ultrasound (US) is the first imaging modality for thyroid parenchyma evaluation. In the last decades, the role of ultrasound has been improved with the introduction of new US software, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and US-elastography (USE). USE is nowadays recognized as an essential part of the multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) examination, in particular for the indeterminate thyroid nodule with possible fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) number reduction; even if further and larger studies are needed to validate it. More controversial is the role of CEUS in thyroid evaluation, due to its high variability in sensitivity and specificity. Semi-automatic US systems based on the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system are producing interesting results, especially as an aid to less experienced operators. New knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in thyroid cancer is allowing practitioners to identify new genomic thyroid markers that could reduce the number of "diagnostic" thyroidectomies. We have therefore drawn up an updated representation of the current evidence in the literature for thyroid nodule multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) evaluation with particular regard to USE, the US CAD system and CEUS.

引用

页数：20

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