Discovery of dual inhibitors of topoisomerase I and Cyclooxygenase-2 for colon cancer therapy

Novel tolfenamic acid derivatives based on the structure of I-1 were designed and synthesized to improve its poor target inhibition and solubility. Among them, W10 was identified as a potent dual-target inhibitor of Topo I (IC50 = 0.90 +/- 0.17 mu M) and COX-2 (IC50 = 2.31 +/- 0.07 mu M) with improved water solubility (32.33 mu g/mL). Moreover, W10 also exhibited fairly potent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptosis activity via the mitochondrial pathway, as well as suppressed aberrant NF-kappa B/I kappa B activation in colon cancer cells in vitro. Additionally, W10 possessed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and excellent antitumor effects in vivo. In general, our study has demonstrated the potency of a novel Topo I/COX-2 dual inhibitor, which can potentially be developed into a chemotherapeutic candidate for colon cancer.