Are multiple sclerosis patients risk-takers?

被引:31
作者
Hawkes, CH [1 ]
机构
[1] Oldchurch Hosp, Essex Neurosci Ctr, Romford RM7 0BE, Essex, England
关键词
D O I
10.1093/qjmed/hci135
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Several factors appear to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), and each has a postulated immune or environmental explanation, but a common theme is lacking. This article suggests that a unifying premise could be risk-associated behaviour. Evidence is reviewed for associations with smoking, alcohol, recreational drug use, oral contraception, cholesterol intake, risk attitude and behaviour, ultraviolet light and vitamin D exposure, frequency of MS in healthy societies, and viral infection. The evidence associated with smoking, not taking vitamin D supplements and Epstein-Barr viral infection appears good. There may be a pattern of risk-associated behaviour that characterizes patients with MS and brings them into contact with one or more causative agents. Of the possible agents, viral infection seems the most likely.
引用
收藏
页码:895 / 911
页数:17
相关论文
共 101 条
[1]   MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS IN ARABS IN JORDAN [J].
ALDIN, ASN ;
ELKHATEEB, M ;
KURDI, A ;
MUBAIDIN, A ;
WRIEKAT, A ;
ALSHEHAB, A ;
KHALIL, RW .
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1995, 131 (02) :144-149
[2]   A COMMUNITY SURVEY OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS IN SAUDI-ARABIA - THE THUGBAH STUDY [J].
ALRAJEH, S ;
BADEMOSI, O ;
ISMAIL, H ;
AWADA, A ;
DAWODU, A ;
ALFREIHI, H ;
ASSUHAIMI, S ;
BOROLLOSI, M ;
ALSHAMMASI, S .
NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY, 1993, 12 (03) :164-178
[3]   MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS AND NUTRITION [J].
ALTER, M ;
YAMOOR, M ;
HARSHE, M .
ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY, 1974, 31 (04) :267-272
[4]   CLINICAL EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE ETIOLOGIC FACTORS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS [J].
ALTER, M ;
SPEER, J .
NEUROLOGY, 1968, 18 (02) :109-&
[5]   EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN ISRAEL .I. AN OVERALL REVIEW OF METHODS AND FINDINGS [J].
ANTONOVSKY, A ;
LEIBOWITZ, U ;
SMITH, HA ;
MEDALIE, JM ;
BALOGH, M ;
KATS, R ;
HALPERN, L ;
ALTER, M .
ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY, 1965, 13 (02) :183-+
[6]  
ARNASON B G, 1969, Transactions of the American Neurological Association, V94, P54
[7]   Epstein-Barr virus antibodies and risk of multiple sclerosis -: A prospective study [J].
Ascherio, A ;
Munger, KL ;
Lennette, ET ;
Spiegelman, D ;
Hernán, MA ;
Olek, MJ ;
Hankinson, SE ;
Hunter, DJ .
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 2001, 286 (24) :3083-3088
[8]   Hepatitis B vaccination and the risk of multiple sclerosis [J].
Ascherio, A ;
Zhang, SM ;
Hernán, MA ;
Olek, MJ ;
Coplan, PM ;
Brodovicz, K ;
Walker, AM .
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2001, 344 (05) :327-332
[9]  
Bell R, 1997, ADDICTION, V92, P571, DOI 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9255716.x
[10]   Personality disorder in multiple sclerosis correlates with cognitive impairment [J].
Benedict, RHB ;
Priore, RL ;
Miller, C ;
Munschauer, F ;
Jacobs, L .
JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, 2001, 13 (01) :70-76