Highly sensitive detection of broadband terahertz waves using aqueous salt solutions

Water-based coherent detection of broadband terahertz (THz) wave has been recently proposed with superior performances, which can alleviate the limited detection bandwidth and high probe laser energy requirement in the solid-and air-based detection schemes, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that the water-based detection method can be extended to the aqueous salt solutions and the sensitivity can be significantly enhanced. The THz coherent detection signal intensity scales linearly with the third-order nonlinear susceptibility chi(3) or quadratically with the linear refractive index eta 0 of the aqueous salt solutions, while the incoherent detection signal intensity scales quadratically with chi(3) or quartically with eta 0, proving the underlying mechanism is the four-wave mixing. Both the coherent and incoherent detection signal intensities appear positive correlation with the solution concentration. These results imply that the liquid-based THz detection scheme could provide a new technique to measure chi(3) and further investigate the physicochemical properties in the THz band for various liquids.(c) 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement