A general model of lateral depth-averaged velocity distributions for open channel flows

This paper reviews a model, developed by Shiono and Knight (Shiono K, Knight DW. Two-dimensional analytical solution for a compound channel. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on refined flow modelling and turbulence measurements, Tokyo, Japan, July 1988. p. 503-10; Shiono K, Knight DW. Turbulent open channel flows with variable depth across the channel. J Fluid Mech 1991;222:617-46 [231:693]], which yields analytical solutions to the depth-integrated Navier-Stokes equations, and includes the effects of bed friction, lateral turbulence and secondary flows. Some issues about the original model developed by Shiono and Knight (1988, 1991) are highlighted and discussed. Based on the experimental data concerning the secondary flow, two assumptions are proposed to describe the contribution of the streamwise vorticity to the flow. Two new analytical solutions are compared with the conventional solution for three simple channel shapes and one trapezoidal compound channel to highlight their differences and the importance of the secondary flow and planform vorticity term. Comparison of the analytical results with the experimental data shows that the general SKM predicts the lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocity well. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.