Diagnostic Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Acute Leukemia under Broad-Spectrum Anti-Infective Treatment

被引：4

作者：

Ghandili, Susanne ^{[1
]}

von Kroge, Philipp H. ^{[2
]}

Simon, Marcel ^{[1
]}

Henes, Frank O. ^{[3
]}

Rohde, Holger ^{[4
]}

Hoffmann, Armin ^{[4
]}

Lindeman, Nick Benjamin ^{[1
]}

Bokemeyer, Carsten ^{[1
]}

Fiedler, Walter ^{[1
]}

Modemann, Franziska ^{[1
,5
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Univ Canc Ctr Hamburg, Dept Oncol Hematol & Bone Marrow Transplantat, Sect Pneumol, Martinistr 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany

[2] Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Dept Gen Visceral & Thorac Surg, Martinistr 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany

[3] Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Dept Diagnost & Intervent Radiol & Nucl Med, Martinistr 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany

[4] Univ Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Med Microbiol Virol & Hyg, Martinistr 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany

[5] Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Univ Canc Ctr Hamburg, Mildred Scheel Canc Career Ctr, Martinistr 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany

来源：

CANCERS | 2022年 / 14卷 / 11期

关键词：

acute leukemia; pneumonia; flexible bronchoscopy; bronchoalveolar lavage; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES; FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; YIELD; INFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA; SAFETY;

D O I：

10.3390/cancers14112773

中图分类号：

R73 [肿瘤学];

学科分类号：

100214 ;

摘要：

Simple Summary Infections of bacterial, viral, or fungal origin pose a major threat to patients with acute leukemia. Empiric antibiotic and antifungal treatment is a commonly used approach in leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia. To investigate the utility of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in acute leukemia (AL) patients with pneumonia who were already treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungal agents, we investigated bronchoalveolar samples of 88 patients. Our results indicate that despite broad-spectrum anti-infective treatment, in approximately half of all patients, pathogens could still be isolated in bronchoalveolar samples. Nevertheless, the detection of pathogens does not lead to frequent changes in anti-infective treatments, with most changes performed in patients with herpes simplex and influenza virus detection, and these pathogens might also be detected in less invasive examinations. The need for FB with BAL in patients with AL who are already receiving broad-spectrum empiric anti-infective treatment should therefore be weighed carefully. Despite therapeutic advances in the prevention and treatment of febrile neutropenia, acute leukemia (AL) patients still have considerable febrile neutropenia-related mortality. However, the diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in acute leukemia patients is unclear. In this retrospective single-center study, we analyzed 88 BAL samples of patients with acute leukemia and pulmonary infiltrates in spite of treatment with broad-spectrum anti-infective agents. The aim was to investigate the impact of FB with BAL on detecting causative organisms, which would result in a change in treatment regimens. The median age was 59 years, and 86% had acute myeloid leukemia. In 47%, pathogens were detectable in BAL fluid (pathogen bacteria, viruses, and fungi in 2, 15, and 18%, respectively), with Aspergillus fumigatus detected most frequently. BAL-guided anti-infective therapy changes were performed in 15%. The detection of herpes simplex and influenza viruses were the main reasons for treatment changes. Despite broad-spectrum anti-infective treatment, in approximately half of all patients, pathogens could still be isolated in BAL samples. However, consecutive changes in anti-infective treatment were considerably less frequent, with most changes performed in patients with Herpes simplex virus and Influenza A detection. The need for FB with BAL in patients with AL receiving broad-spectrum empiric anti-infective treatment should therefore be weighed carefully.

引用

页数：12