Structure and function of cell adhesion molecules

Surface proteins, including cadherins, integrins, and selectins, mediate the adhesion of cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix. Autoantibodies to cadherins lead to pemphigus vulgaris. Defects in integrins and selectins are involved in two forms of leukocyte adhesion deficiency, which causes severe bacterial infections and impaired wound healing in infants. Several adhesion molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, diabetic vasculopathy, and cancer metastasis. Integrin activation may contribute to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis. Drugs that target a platelet integrin glycoprotein receptor are used in the treatment of coronary thrombosis.