Musculoskeletal Manifestations in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis and Relation to Parathyroid Dysfunction

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD); including renal osteodystrophy, and biochemical changes reflecting mineral and hormonal abnormalities. CKD-MBD can lead to serious musculoskeletal manifestations with an impact on the functional status of patients. The objective is to find the frequency of the musculoskeletal manifestations in dialysis patients, to determine the impact on the functional ability of patients, and to detect the relation between parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and musculoskeletal manifestations. The sample size included 53 adult patients on hemodialysis (HD), three times weekly, divided into two groups as follows; (Group A) included 15 patients (10 males and 5 females) on HD for a year or <1 year and (Group B) included 38 patients (24 males and 14 females) on HD for 1 year. All patients were subjected to a full history and physical examination plus a comprehensive assessment of patient's disability was done with a health assessment questionnaire (HAQ)-disability index. The most common neurological manifestations are uremic polyneuropathy (43.4%) and carpal tunnel syndrome. Arthralgia is the most common musculoskeletal manifestation (83%).The most common radiological signs of SHPT is the subperiosteal resorption of the terminal phalanges (67.9%). The most common MSUS abnormalities are Achilles tendinopathy (67.9%). Osteoporosis is detected in 24.5% of patient. There are highly positive significant correlations between HAQ score and age, HD duration, serum PTH, T-score, and X-ray findings. Musculoskeletal system involvement remains a common problem which decreases the physical function of patients with ESRD.