Current analytical techniques for the characterization of lipophilic bioactive compounds from microalgae extracts

Microalgae are an attractive source to obtain compounds with bioactive properties, which can be useful for the manufacture of different products in the fields of cosmetics, pharmacy and food. Within these high-value compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols and carotenoids have received greater attention. Several biological activities have been associated with these compounds, such as, anti-inflammatory capacity, antioxidant capacity and cholesterol reduction. Additionally, they prevent coronary heart diseases, platelet aggregation and atherosclerosis, among others. Improvements in extraction techniques and the use of environmentally friendly methods have allowed researchers to obtain these rich bioactive compounds that have been widely reported in recent years. However, there is lack of reports about the use of tools and analytical techniques for identifying and analyzing bioactive compounds from microalgae extracts in order to ensure their quality. This review is focused on the advances and limitations of instrumental and analytical techniques for characterizing of polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols and carotenoids like astaxanthin, extracts from microalgae.