Flavobacterium dispersum sp nov., isolated from a freshwater spring

A novel bacterial strain MVW-23(T) was isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan. The strain was Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped and formed translucent yellow colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 20-30 degrees C, pH 7.0, and in the presence of 0.5-1% NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MVW-23(T) belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and showed the highest levels of sequence similarity with respect to Flavobacterium denitrificans ED5(T) (97.3 %), Flavobacterium kyungheense THG-107(T) (97.2 %) and Flavobacterium defluvii EMB117(T) (97.0 %). Strain MVW-23(T) contained iso-C-15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C-16 : 1 omega 6c and/or C-16 : 1 omega 7c) and iso-C-17 : 0 3-OH as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three uncharacterized aminophospholipids and one uncharacterized phospholipid. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.9 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value for strain MVW-23(T) with F. denitrificans DSM 15936(T), F. kyungheense LMG 26575(T) and F. defluvii DSM 17963(T) was less than 35 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic inference, demonstrate that strain MVW-23(T) should be classified as a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium dispersum sp. nov. is presented. The type strain is MVW-23(T) (=BCRC 80978(T)=LMG 29558(T)=KCTC 52234(T)).