Affine formation control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with directed interaction networks

In this paper, affine formation control problems of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with linear dynamics are studied. As a novel method, the affine formation control has the ability to handle various movement constraints based on the affine transformation. A proportional-integral (PI)-type control scheme is proposed to ensure the effective affine formation control of the leader-following group with directed interaction graphs and successfully eliminate the steady-state errors. Sufficient conditions for the selection of control parameters are given and proved. Considering that the followers are subjected to the external bounded time-varying disturbances, the designed protocol shows good robustness and can guarantee uniformly ultimate boundedness of affine formation errors. Numerical simulations are carried out to verify the theoretical results. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.