Additional hardening due to tension-torsion nonproportional loadings: Influence of the loading path shape

This paper is concerned with the mechanical behavior of Type 316 austenitic stainless steel under cyclic multiaxial loadings and particular attention is paid to the additional hardening due to the loading path shape. A 90 degrees out-of-phase tension-torsion loading is usually considered in most of phenomenological models as the highest hardening cyclic path. An experimental investigation has been carried out in order to check this hypothesis, and it is shown that other loading paths lead to a higher hardening.