Evaluating the neck joint position sense error with a standard computer and a webcam

Joint Position Sense Error (JPSE) is a measure of cervical spine proprioception, and a simple method for measuring the JPSE could help in monitoring and evaluating the outcomes of rehabilitation of people with neck pain. In this study we demonstrate preliminary results of a method for measuring JPSE that does not require the participant to wear any equipment. Based on free publicly available head tracking software, compatible with any webcam, we developed a webpage which instructs the participant in performing a self-administered version of the test. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to demonstrate the viability of this system. We compared our absolute error values (3.68 +/- 1.2 degrees after extension, 3.46 +/- 1.66 degrees after flexion, 3.89 +/- 2.34 degrees after rotation to the left and 4.02 +/- 1.82 degrees after rotation to the right) to values from literature, finding that our results do not differ from those of 6 out of 11 studies (which used more complex and expensive setups). The results indicate that our system allows assessment of the JPSE with a standard computer. Being based on a website, the system has potential for telemedicine use. Further research is required to validate the system before it can be recommended for use in clinical practice. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.