School achievement and adolescents' interactions with their fathers, mothers, and friends

This article explores effects of parents' and friends' behaviour in verbal inter-actions with adolescents concerning adolescents' school achievement. The behaviour of adolescents' partners was observed in interactions elicited by a plan-something-together task at first measurement of a two-year longitudinal investigation. Grades in school and perceived school success at measurement points 1, 2, and 3 were included to capture adolescents' academic achievement. Cross-sectional correlations (n=32) and longitudinal partial col-relations (n=24-26) sewed to analyse contemporaneous associations and directed effects across a one- and two-year time interval. Findings confirmed systematic influences of parents' as well as friends' behaviours on the objective and subjective measures of school achievement. Patterns of effects, however; partly depending on the type of partner in interactions. The differential effects are discussed with reference to structural differences between adolescents' family and friendship relationships.