Benchmark experiments on neutron streaming through JET Torus Hall penetrations

被引:34
作者
Batistoni, P. [1 ,79 ]
Conroy, S. [2 ,20 ]
Lilley, S. [3 ]
Naish, J. [3 ]
Obryk, B. [4 ,41 ]
Popovichev, S. [3 ,8 ]
Stamatelatos, I. [5 ,59 ]
Syme, B. [3 ]
Vasilopoulou, T.
Abhangi, M. [39 ]
Abreu, P. [45 ]
Aftanas, M. [42 ]
Afzal, M. [8 ]
Aggarwal, K. M. [25 ]
Aho-Mantila, L. [99 ]
Ahonen, E. [6 ]
Aints, M. [95 ]
Airila, M. [99 ]
Albanese, R. [93 ]
Alegre, D. [51 ]
Alessi, E. [38 ]
Aleynikov, P. [47 ]
Alfier, A. [12 ]
Alkseev, A. [60 ]
Allan, P. [8 ]
Almaviva, S. [84 ]
Alonso, A. [51 ]
Alper, B. [8 ]
Alsworth, I. [8 ]
Alves, D. [45 ]
Ambrosino, G. [93 ]
Ambrosino, R. [94 ]
Amosov, V. [77 ]
Andersson, F. [16 ]
Andersson Sunden, E. [20 ]
Angelone, M. [79 ]
Anghel, A. [74 ]
Anghel, M. [73 ]
Angioni, C. [54 ]
Appel, L. [8 ]
Apruzzese, G. [79 ]
Arena, P. [26 ]
Ariola, M. [94 ]
Arnichand, H. [9 ]
Arnoux, G. [8 ]
Arshad, S. [35 ]
Ash, A. [8 ]
Asp, E. [20 ]
Asunta, O. [6 ]
Atanasiu, C. V. [74 ]
机构
[1] ENEA Fus Tech Unit, Via E Fermi 45, I-00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
[2] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
[3] Culham Sci Ctr, CCFE, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England
[4] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
[5] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Inst Nucl & Radiol Sci Energy Technol & Safety, Athens, Greece
[6] Aalto Univ, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland
[7] BCS, Barcelona, Spain
[8] Culham Sci Ctr, CCFE, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England
[9] IRFM, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France
[10] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
[11] Consorzio CREATE, I-80125 Naples, Italy
[12] Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy
[13] Daegu Univ, Gyongsan 712174, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
[14] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain
[15] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
[16] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Earth & Space Sci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
[17] Univ Cagliari, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy
[18] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Dept Expt Phys, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia
[19] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Glasgow G4 ONG, Lanark, Scotland
[20] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
[21] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
[22] KTH, SCI, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[23] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England
[24] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England
[25] Queens Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland
[26] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr Elettr & Sistemi, I-95125 Catania, Italy
[27] Dublin City Univ, Dublin, Ireland
[28] CRPP, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
[29] CNRS, UMR 7648, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
[30] EUROfus Programme Management Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany
[31] Culham Sci Ctr, EUROfus Programme Management Unit, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England
[32] European Commiss, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium
[33] FOM Inst DIFFER, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands
[34] Forsch Zentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany
[35] Fus Energy Joint Undertaking, Barcelona 08019, Spain
[36] KTH, EES, Fus Plasma Phys, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
[37] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 85608 USA
[38] IFP CNR, I-20125 Milan, Italy
[39] Inst Plasma Res, Gandhinagar 382428G, Gujarat, India
[40] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
[41] Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfus, PL-01497 Warsaw, Poland
[42] Inst Plasma Phys AS CR, Prague 182 00 8, Czech Republic
[43] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China
[44] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil
[45] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Inst Plasmas & Fusao Nucl, Lisbon, Portugal
[46] Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia
[47] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France
[48] Naka Fus Res Estab, Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka 3110913, Ibaraki, Japan
[49] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
[50] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Lab JA Dieudonne, F-06108 Nice 2, France
基金
欧盟地平线“2020”;
关键词
JET neutron yield; fusion neutronics; benchmark experiment;
D O I
10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/053028
中图分类号
O35 [流体力学]; O53 [等离子体物理学];
学科分类号
070204 ; 080103 ; 080704 ;
摘要
Neutronics experiments are performed at JET for validating in a real fusion environment the neutronics codes and nuclear data applied in ITER nuclear analyses. In particular, the neutron fluence through the penetrations of the JET torus hall is measured and compared with calculations to assess the capability of state-of-art numerical tools to correctly predict the radiation streaming in the ITER biological shield penetrations up to large distances from the neutron source, in large and complex geometries. Neutron streaming experiments started in 2012 when several hundreds of very sensitive thermo-luminescence detectors (TLDs), enriched to different levels in (LiF)-Li-6/(LiF)-Li-7, were used to measure the neutron and gamma dose separately. Lessons learnt from this first experiment led to significant improvements in the experimental arrangements to reduce the effects due to directional neutron source and self-shielding of TLDs. Here we report the results of measurements performed during the 2013-2014 JET campaign. Data from new positions, at further locations in the South West labyrinth and down to the Torus Hall basement through the air duct chimney, were obtained up to about a 40m distance from the plasma neutron source. In order to avoid interference between TLDs due to self-shielding effects, only TLDs containing natural Lithium and 99.97% Li-7 were used. All TLDs were located in the centre of large polyethylene (PE) moderators, with Li-nat and Li-7 crystals evenly arranged within two PE containers, one in horizontal and the other in vertical orientation, to investigate the shadowing effect in the directional neutron field. All TLDs were calibrated in the quantities of air kerma and neutron fluence. This improved experimental arrangement led to reduced statistical spread in the experimental data. The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code was used to calculate the air kerma due to neutrons and the neutron fluence at detector positions, using a JET model validated up to the magnetic limbs. JET biological shield and penetrations, the PE moderators and TLDs were modelled in detail. Different tallying methods were used in the calculations, which are routinely used in ITER nuclear analyses: the mesh tally and the track length estimator with multiple steps calculations using the surface source write/read capability available in MCNP. In both cases, the calculated neutron fluence (C) was compared to the measured fluence (E) and hence C/E comparisons have been obtained and are discussed. These results provide a validation of neutronics numerical tools, codes and nuclear data, used for ITER design.
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页数:14
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