Germination biology of Field Bindweed seeds collected from different provinces

Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) is one of the most harmful weeds in the world. It is a common and problematic perennial weed in many crops such as corn, sunflower, cotton, vegetables and orchards in Turkey. Field bindweed has strong seed dormancy and its germination is delayed. A good understanding of the mechanism of seed dormancy is important for plant reproduction and control of field bindweed. This study was carried out in laboratories in order to determine the dormancy breaking methods (sulfuric acid, gibberellic acid, hydrochloric acid, microwave, cold-hot applications) 20 degrees C and 27 degrees C seeds from the Malatya Province and germination temperatures of seeds from different ecological regions where are the Adana, Ankara, Canakkale, Denizli, Erzurum, Hatay, Karaman, Kayseri, Konya, Malatya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Tekirdag and Usak Provinces. The highest dormancy breaking happened in sulfuric acid 60 or 120 min (20 degrees C) and keeping seeds 5 s in 90 degrees C hot water (27 degrees C). It has been determined that at germination temperature is between 10-40 degrees C depending on the provinces where it was collected. The highest germination rate (96.3%) was observed in seeds of Erzurum province at 20 degrees C. While there was no germination at 2 and 45 degrees C, the highest germination rate (80%) at 40 degrees C was also observed in the seeds of Erzurum province.