Review article: Topical antibiotic treatments for acute otitis externa: Emergency care guidelines from an ear, nose and throat perspective

Acute otitis externa (AOE), also known as 'swimmer's ear', is a common acute problem. It is one of the most common ED presentations. Atypical organisms, recalcitrant disease and antibiotic options contribute to making AOE a clinical challenge. There are a number of red flags associated with AOE which require consideration when treating patients with AOE. We discuss an evidence-based approach to management of AOE in the emergency setting, with indications for specialist referral.