Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing for analyzing the characteristics of PBMC in patients with Kawasaki disease

Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is the main cause of acquired heart disease in children and can lead to coronary artery lesions. This present study was designed to analyze the characteristics of KD peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and to explore the potential molecular mechanism of KD. Methods PBMC was collected from one healthy child and one KD patient, and was used to single-cell RNA sequencing for cell clusters identification and differently expressed gene (DEG) determination. GO function enrichment analysis of DEG in B cell and T cells were performed to explore the most active biological function in KD immune cells. Results Twelve cell clusters can be identified in two samples. Compared with healthy child, naive CD8+ T cell, T helper cell and B cell in KD child were decreased, mainly immune-related T cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cell were increased. Cell activation, lymphocyte activation and regulation of immune system process were 3 GO function shared by all four types of T cells and B cell. Conclusions Immune cell disorder appears in the KD patient at single cell level by scRNA-seq.