Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on health outcomes of children with cancer: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Introduction Nowadays, there is promising evidence that psychosocial interventions could be helpful in paediatric oncology. Thus, this review aimed to describe the impact of psychosocial interventions on cancer-related health outcomes in children. Methods Fifteen English electronic databases were searched from October to December 2020. Only randomised controlled trials that (1) included children <= 18 years old diagnosed with cancer, (2) evaluated the effects of psychosocial interventions, and (3) reported health outcomes including quality of life, anxiety, depression, stress, distress, self-esteem, psychological adjustment, treatment adherence, pain, fatigue, and academic performance were included. Results Ten RCTs were included in this review. Six types of psychosocial interventions (social skill training, music-based intervention, therapeutic play, cognitive therapy, wish intervention, and art therapy) were identified. The studies were assessed as having low to high risk of bias. Nine of the studies reported significant improvement in at least one outcome measure. But quantifying the pooled effect was not applicable due to the heterogeneity of interventions. Conclusion Psychosocial interventions could be beneficial in paediatric oncology. Yet, the outcomes were reported in heterogeneous types of interventions and participants. The results underscore the need to conduct further studies that include participants with specific cancer diagnoses and types of interventions.