Non-Surgical Management of Bile Leakage After Hepatectomy: A Single-Center Study

Background Bile leakage after hepatectomy is a common complication. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the usefulness of non-surgical management of bile leakage after hepatectomy, using 12-year data from a single center study. Methods Data from 15 patients (13 men, two women; mean age 67.1 +/- 7.0 years) who had undergone nonsurgical management for bile leakage between January 2005 and November 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Results We categorized bile leakage as central (n = 5) or peripheral (n = 10) leakage based on communication with the biliary tree. Percutaneous bile leakage drainage and/or endoscopic naso-biliary drainage (ENBD) (n = 2) or the rendezvous technique (n = 3) was successfully performed in five central-type cases, while all peripheral-type cases were treated with drainage alone; only one case required additional ethanol ablation. Bacterial bile cultures were positive in 11 cases and negative in four cases. The drainage catheters were removed after complete resolution in 13 cases (86.7%), while two patients with cases of peripheral-type leakage died due to cancer progression while the drain was in place. No case needed conversion to reoperation. The mean duration of drainage therapy in all cases was 210.1 +/- 163.0 days (range 17-531 days), with 316.8 +/- 180.8 days in the central type and 156.7 +/- 131.5 days in the peripheral type; this duration was not significantly different (P = 0.129). Conclusion Non-surgical treatment is a minimally invasive and effective management strategy for postoperative bile leakage and the modality used depends on the type of bile leakage encountered.