Which factors influence the quality of end-of-life care in interstitial lung disease? A systematic review with narrative synthesis

Background: People dying from interstitial lung disease experience considerable symptoms and commonly die in an acute healthcare environment. However, there is limited understanding about the quality of their end-of-life care. Aim: To synthesise evidence about end-of-life care in interstitial lung disease and identify factors that influence quality of care. Design: Systematic literature review and narrative synthesis. The review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020203197). Data sources: Five electronic healthcare databases were searched (Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) from January 1996 to February 2021. Studies were included if they focussed on the end-of-life care or death of patients with interstitial lung disease. Quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for the relevant study design. Results: A total of 4088 articles were identified by initial searches. Twenty-four met the inclusion criteria, providing evidence from 300,736 individuals across eight countries. Most patients with interstitial lung disease died in hospital, with some subjected to a high burden of investigations or life-prolonging treatments. Low levels of involvement with palliative care services and advance care planning contributed to the trend of patients dying in acute environments. This review identified a paucity of research that addressed symptom management in the last few days or weeks of life. Conclusions: There is inadequate knowledge regarding the most appropriate location for end-of-life care for people with interstitial lung disease. Early palliative care involvement can improve accordance with end-of-life care wishes. Future research should consider symptom management at the end-of-life and association with location of death.