The Diversity-Innovation Paradox in Science

被引:570
作者
Hofstra, Bas [1 ]
Kulkarni, Vivek V. [2 ]
Galvez, Sebastian Munoz-Najar [1 ]
He, Bryan [2 ]
Jurafsky, Dan [2 ,3 ]
McFarland, Daniel A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Stanford Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[2] Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[3] Stanford Univ, Dept Linguist, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
diversity; innovation; science; inequality; sociology of science; GENDER-DIFFERENCES;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.1915378117
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Prior work finds a diversity paradox: Diversity breeds innovation, yet underrepresented groups that diversify organizations have less successful careers within them. Does the diversity paradox hold for scientists as well? We study this by utilizing a near-complete population of similar to 1.2 million US doctoral recipients from 1977 to 2015 and following their careers into publishing and faculty positions. We use text analysis and machine learning to answer a series of questions: How do we detect scientific innovations? Are underrepresented groups more likely to generate scientific innovations? And are the innovations of underrepresented groups adopted and rewarded? Our analyses show that underrepresented groups produce higher rates of scientific novelty. However, their novel contributions are devalued and discounted: For example, novel contributions by gender and racial minorities are taken up by other scholars at lower rates than novel contributions by gender and racial majorities, and equally impactful contributions of gender and racial minorities are less likely to result in successful scientific careers than for majority groups. These results suggest there may be unwarranted reproduction of stratification in academic careers that discounts diversity's role in innovation and partly explains the underrepresentation of some groups in academia.
引用
收藏
页码:9284 / 9291
页数:8
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