Successful response to the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in cholangiocarcinoma with high tumour mutational burden and PD-L1 expression: a case report

BackgroundCholangiocarcinoma, or bile duct cancer, is a gastrointestinal cancer with limited therapeutic options and a poor outcome. Studies have revealed that some major driver genes are associated with cholangiocarcinoma, but no targeted therapies have been approved. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are represented by inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have emerged as a potential therapy for multiple types of solid cancers.Case presentationA 53-year-old female presented with postoperative recurrence of PD-L1-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with a high tumour mutational burden. This patient exhibited a marked response to the combination of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and chemotherapy.ConclusionsAs far as we know, this is the first case report on the success of the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced cholangiocarcinoma with PD-L1 positivity and a high tumour mutational burden.