Bacterial markers as tools for coastal water environmental quality measurement

Bacterial groups such as total heterophytes, sulfate reducers and nitrate reducers are key organisms in the transformation and recycling of nutrients in aquatic environments, while coliforms and enterococci are associated to contamination by wastewaters. These latter bacterial groups are considered as useful biological markers in the detection of seawater quality regarding fecal material, organic material and nutrients. The pupose of this study is to identify which bacterial markers are more appropriate for measuring water quality and environmental health from the microbiological point of view, in two beaches of the Venezuelan Caribbean coast. It was found that fecal coliforms and enterococci are the most appropriate markers to determine the presence of contamination of fecal origin in the body of water Also, the detection and quantification of fecal coliforms in tissues of Tivela mactroides is a good indicator of the risk associated with the consumption of raw or slightly cooked marine products. Quantification of bacterial markers in marine ecosystems is relevant as it allows to estimate bacteriological quality and potential risks to public health after the use of the water with touristic purposes or the harvesting of marine products. Compliance with current regulations should be pomoted, as should be the construction of wastewater treatment plants. These actions will lead to the improvement of water quality and a better utilization of marine resources.