I171V germline mutation in the NBS1 gene significantly increases risk of breast cancer

Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal, recessive disease caused by homozygous mutations in the NBS1 gene. The most common deletion of 5 bp (657del5) in exon 6, which affects mostly the population of Central Europe is observed. Among the typical features of this disorder is that NBS patients experience a high incidence of lymphoid malignancies as well. An increased risk of solid tumors development for 657del5 carriers was the reason to investigate the role of NBS1 gene as a susceptible one for the breast cancer. The purpose of this work is to identify mutations in all 16 exons of the NBS1 gene in the group of the patients with diagnosed breast cancer and the control group of healthy individuals. In the group of 270 women with breast cancer, seven cases of mutated NBS1 gene were revealed. In the subgroup presenting mutated NBS1 gene, the mutation I171V in 5th exon occurred in five cases. It is the first such a discovery concerning breast cancer patients because this mutation had been previously observed only in the course of lymphoid or hematological malignancies. The rate of I171V mutation in the group of breast cancer patients was significantly higher than in the controls (OR: 9.42; 95% CI: 1.09-81.05; P = 0.02). The conclusion is that heterozygous germline mutation I171V in NBS1 gene is a significant risk factor for breast cancer development. It concerns especially the women whose first degree relatives had a previously diagnosed breast cancer (OR: 6.00; 95% CI: 0.98-38.07; P = 0.04). The histopathological and clinical features of breast cancer with I171V mutation suggest accumulation of the negative prognostic factors. The treatment's results however were unexpectedly satisfactory, that is why further investigations are necessary to assess the role of I171V mutation in NBS1 gene as a prognostic and predictive factor for breast cancer.