Lifetime Improvement of Wireless Sensor Network using Residual Energy and Distance Parameters on LEACH Protocol

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) contains small battery powered devices (sensors), and it is very difficult to replace them. Thus, designing and creation of energy efficient routing protocols becomes the active research field in WSNs. The famous protocol called LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) proves energy efficiency by using clustering method. In clustering, there are two main phase: heads of clusters choosing phase and clusters making phase. Among them, cluster heads (CHs) selection is the most important. LEACH suffers from early dead nodes problem because it chooses cluster heads (CHs) without considering the remaining energy of each node and remoteness to base station (BS). Therefore, this paper proposes the lifetime improvement of wireless sensor network (WSN) using residual energy and distance to base station (BS) parameters on LEACH protocol and the proposed protocol is termed as RED_LEACH. To prolong the network life in WSNs, RED_LEACH uses two parameters: remaining energy in each node and remoteness to base station in heads of clusters selection and its results is compared with the results of original LEACH in terms of sum of energy of nodes against round and the number of dead nodes against round.