Relations of mold, stove, and fragrance products on childhood wheezing and asthma: A prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study

This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the associations between mold growth, type of stoves, and fragrance materials and early childhood wheezing and asthma, using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Mold growth at home, usage of kerosene/gas stove, wood stove/fireplace, and air freshener/deodorizer were surveyed using a questionnaire at 1.5-year-old, and childhood wheezing and doctor-diagnosed asthma during the previous year were obtained using a 3-year-old questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between exposure to childhood wheezing and asthma. A total of 60 529 children were included in the analysis. In multivariate analyses, mold growth and wood stove/fireplace had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for wheezing (mold growth: 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.22; wood stove/fireplace: 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.46). All four exposures had no significant ORs for childhood doctor-diagnosed asthma; however, in the supplemental analysis of northern regions, wood stove/fireplace had a significantly higher OR for asthma. Mold growth and wood stove/fireplace had significant associations with childhood wheezing in the northern regions. Mold elimination in the dwellings and use of clean heating (no air pollution emissions) should be taken into consideration to prevent and improve childhood wheezing and asthma.