Preoperative low-dose weekly cisplatin and continuous infusion fluorouracil plus hyperfractionated radiotherapy in stage II-III esophageal carcinoma

The optimal regimen of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for resectable esophageal cancer has not been established. We evaluated accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy (RT) concurrent to low-dose weekly cisplatin and continuous infusion fluorouracil (LDCI-FU) followed by esophagectomy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. Patients with clinical stage II or III SCC of the esophagus received cisplatin 30 mg/m(2)/week (days 1, 8, 15), LDCI-FU 300 mg/m(2)/day (days 1-21), and concomitant RT to a dose of 45 Gy (150 cGy/fraction, 2 fractions/day) on tumor and affected lymph nodes, followed by radical esophagectomy. From 1997 to 2012, 64 patients were treated with this regimen. Twenty-four patients (37 %) had grade 3 esophagitis, 18 (28 %) of whom required hospitalization. The risk of hospitalization was reduced by placement of a jejunostomy tube before starting induction chemoradiotherapy. Six patients (9 %) had grade 3-4 neutropenia. Fifty-three patients (83 %) underwent esophageal resection and complete resection was achieved in 45 (70 %). The overall median survival was 28 months (95 % CI: 20.4-35.6) and 5-year survival was 38 %. In the 18 patients attaining a pathological complete response, median survival was 132 months and 5-year survival was 72 %. Positron emission tomography standardized uptake values (PET SUVmax) post-chemoradiotherapy were associated with pathological response (p = 0.03) and survival (p = 0.04). Intensive preoperative hyperfractionated RT concomitant to low-dose cisplatin and LDCI-FU is effective in patients with locally advanced SCC of the esophagus, with good pathological response and survival and manageable toxicities. Post-chemoradiotherapy PET SUVmax shows promise as a potential prognostic factor.