Effect of Triton X-100 on the stability of aqueous dispersions of copper phthalocyanine pigment nanoparticles

The effect of Triton X-100 on the colloidal dispersion stability of CuPc-U (unsulfonated and hydrophobic) and CuPc-S (surface sulfonated and hydrophilic) particles in aqueous solutions (water and NaNO3) was investigated at 25 degrees C. Its adsorption density was determined from surfactant concentrations analyzed by an HPLC method with a UV detector. The experimental dispersion stability ratios of the particles were determined from dynamic light scattering (DLS) data, with the Rayleigh-Debye-Gans (RDG) light scattering theory. The adsorption densities of Triton X-100 on both the CuPc-U and CuPc-S increase with increasing concentration of surfactant up to the critical micelle concentration (cmc), and then reach a plateau. The maximum adsorption density Gamma(m) is higher for the CuPc-U (d(h) = 160 nm) than that for the CuPc-S (d(h) = 90 nm). The hydrophobic chains are inferred to be adsorbed onto the surfaces, and the hydrophilic ethylene oxide chains are in a coil conformation. The W-app-values for the CuPc-U dispersions are affected mainly by the surfactant fractional surface coverage theta. Adding NaNO3 has no significant effect on the dispersion stability. The stabilization mechanism for the CuPc-U is inferred to be primarily steric, as expected. The stability ratios for the CuPc-S in solutions with NaNO3 are higher than those for CuPc-U, and decrease with increasing concentration of NaNO3, indicating that the stabilization is affected by the screening of electrostatic repulsive forces. The zeta potential is not a good predictor of the electrostatic stabilization, pointing to the need for new and improved theories. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc.