3D metamaterials

被引:737
作者
Kadic, Muamer [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Milton, Graeme W. [4 ]
van Hecke, Martin [5 ,6 ]
Wegener, Martin [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, CNRS, Inst FEMTO ST, Besancon, France
[2] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Nanotechnol, Karlsruhe, Germany
[3] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Appl Phys, Karlsruhe, Germany
[4] Univ Utah, Dept Math, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
[5] AMOLF, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[6] Leiden Univ, Huygens Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden, Netherlands
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
MECHANICAL METAMATERIALS; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; STRAIN GRADIENT; NON-RECIPROCITY; WAVES; COMPOSITES; LIGHT; FIELD; BAND; MAGNETORESISTANCE;
D O I
10.1038/s42254-018-0018-y
中图分类号
O59 [应用物理学];
学科分类号
摘要
Metamaterials are rationally designed composites aiming at effective material parameters that go beyond those of the ingredient materials. For example, negative metamaterial properties, such as the refractive index, thermal expansion coefficient or Hall coefficient, can be engineered from constituents with positive parameters. Likewise, large metamaterial parameter values can arise from all-zero constituents, such as magnetic from non-magnetic, chiral from achiral and anisotropic from isotropic. The field of metamaterials emerged from linear electromagnetism two decades ago and today addresses nearly all conceivable aspects of solids, ranging from electromagnetic and optical, and mechanical and acoustic to transport properties - linear and nonlinear, reciprocal and non-reciprocal, monostable and multistable (programmable), active and passive, and static and dynamic. In this Review, we focus on the general case of 3D periodic metamaterials, with electromagnetic or optical, acoustic or mechanical, transport or stimuli-responsive properties. We outline the fundamental bounds of these composites and summarize the state of the art in theoretical design and experimental realization. Metamaterials are rationally designed composites made of tailored building blocks, leading to effective medium properties beyond their ingredients. This Review surveys 3D metamaterials with unprecedented physical properties in electromagnetism and optics, acoustics and mechanics and transport, made possible by advances in design and manufacturing.
引用
收藏
页码:198 / 210
页数:13
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