Short-Term Road Speed Forecasting Based on Hybrid RBF Neural Network With the Aid of Fuzzy System-Based Techniques in Urban Traffic Flow

With the rapid economic development, urban areas are seeing more and more vehicles, leading to frequent urban traffic congestion. To solve this problem, the forecasting of traffic parameters is essential, in which, road operating speed (hereinafter referred to as "road speed'') is a key parameter for forecasting road congestion. This paper proposes a hybrid radial basis function (RBF) neural network algorithm for forecasting road speed. First, it proposes a fuzzy RBF neural network structure by combining the fuzzy logic system with the RBF neural network. Then, it incorporates factors such as weather, holidays and road grades into the input layer. Considering the uncertainty and sensitivity of the initial centre of the traditional membership function layer, it uses fuzzy C-means clustering to determine the centre and other parameters of the membership function layer. Then using the gradient descent method, it trains the weights between the fuzzy inference layer and the output layer. Finally, this paper trains the proposed hybrid RBF neural network with the traffic road network data and weather data of a city, and uses the trained hybrid neural network to predict the road speed and the congestion status. The prediction results show that, compared with simplex prediction methods, such as BP neural network, time series method, and RBF neural network, the hybrid RBF neural network has a higher forecasting accuracy, with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) being reduced to 6.4%. Experimental results verify the accurate forecasting, enhanced learning feature and mapping capability of this method in short-term road speed forecasting, indicating that it can provide reliable predicted values to help solve urban congestion problems.