Functional effects of a missense mutation in HERG associated with type 2 long QT syndrome

BACKGROUND Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by a prolonged QT interval that can lead to severe ventricular arrhythmias (torsades de pointes) and sudden death. Congenital LQTS type 2 (LQT2) is due to loss-of-function mutations in the KCNH2 gene encoding Kv11.1 channels responsible for the rapid component of the delayed rectifier current. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the functional properties of the LQT2-associated mutation p. E637G found in a Spanish family. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and p. E637G Kv11.1 channels were transiently transfected in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and currents were recorded using the patch-clamp technique. RESULTS The p. E637G channels lost inward rectification and K+ selectivity, generating small but measurable slowly activating, noninactivating currents. These important alterations were corrected neither by cotransfection with WT channels nor by incubation at low temperatures or with pharmacological chaperones. As a consequence of its effects on channel gating, the mutation significantly reduced the outward repolarizing current during the action potential (AP), resulting in a marked lengthening of the duration of a simulated human ventricular AP. CONCLUSION We have identified and characterized an LQT2-associated mutation that through removal of C-type inactivation and reduction of K+ selectivity causes the QT prolongation observed in the patients carrying the mutation. Moreover, the results obtained demonstrate the importance of the glutamic acid at position 637 for the inactivation process and K+ selectivity of Kv11.1 channels.