Controlled (re)evaluation of the relationship between speech perception in noise and contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions

In people with normal hearing (NH), speech perception in noise (SPIN) improves when the speech signal is presented not gated with noise but after a delay. The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) was thought to be involved in the neural dynamic range adaptation (NDRA) responsible for this adaptive SPIN; however, some of the recent studies do not support this hypothesis and suggest that adaptive SPIN involves the NDRA to noise-level statistics, irrespective of MOCR activation. A plausible reason for this discrepancy could be the variations and limitations of the experimental designs used in different studies. Using a relatively controlled and comprehensive study design, this study attempts to verify whether a delay between the delivery of speech and the noise improves the SPIN and whether MOCR mediates such effects. The SPIN was estimated by measuring speech reception thresholds (SRT) in noise under simultaneous onset and delayed-onset (noise precedes speech onset by 300 ms) conditions. The SPIN in both ears was independently examined for ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral noise in women with normal hearing (N = 18; age range, 18-25 years). Contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CSOAEs) was used to estimate the MOCR based cochlear gain reduction. Under all test conditions, SPIN was improved in delayed-onset than in simultaneous-onset conditions, and the mean improvement in the SRT ranged from 0.7 +/- 1.7 to 1.8 +/- 1.8 dB. No significant correlation was obtained between CSOAEs and the mean temporal improvement in SRT, suggesting that MOCR may not be a predominant mechanism for the temporal improvement in SPIN. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.