[1] Bank England, Threadneedle St, London EC2R 8AH, England
[2] Univ Hong Kong, Fac Business & Econ, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[3] London Sch Econ, London WC2A 2AE, England
[4] Ctr Econ Policy Res CEPR, London WC2A 2AE, England
[5] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Econ & Management, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China