Variations between clinical trial participants and medicare beneficiaries in evidence used for medicare national coverage decisions

Background: There is a paucity of data on the adequacy of the resources and tools used by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) in making national coverage determinations about services for beneficiaries. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which clinical trials relied on by the CMS are applicable to Medicare beneficiaries. Methods: We performed a rneta-analysis of data on 40 009 individuals from all 141 trials included in the technology assessments for the 6 cardiovascular disease meetings of the CMS advisory panel and compared them with the demographics of the Medicare population. Results: Medicare beneficiaries differ significantly from the cardiovascular clinical trial participants 'Used to inform Medicare coverage decisions. Clinical trial participants, compared with beneficiaries, are more likely to be younger (60.1 vs 74.7 years), male (75.4% vs 41.8%), and non-US residents (60% vs 0%). The clinical trials, moreover, rarely included outcome stratification by age, sex, and race. Conclusions: Participants in cardiovascular studies relied on by the CMS for coverage determinations differ substantially from the Medicare population. Data frequently are not available on relevant subgroup populations. Suggestions are made that address the need for data more relevant to Medicare beneficiaries by increasing enrollment of, and reporting on, women and elderly individuals in clinical trials and use of relevant data for coverage decisions.