A Systematic Review of Multimodal Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Cognitive Function in Older People with Dementia in Nursing Homes

Introduction: Multimodal non-pharmacological interventions (MNPIs) have been reported to be effective in improving the cognitive function. Therefore, it is necessary to study these interventions in older people with dementia (PWD) in nursing homes (NHs). Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects, contents, frequency, duration, length, and form of MNPIs on the global and specific cognitive functions of PWD in NHs through a systematic review, and to consider what kind of intervention design is most effective. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature published between January 2008 and October 2018 was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL databases. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one non-RCTs were extracted from electronic databases, and a review was carried out. Conclusion: Our review suggests that MNPIs may improve the global, executive function and memory of PWD in NHs. The combination of exercise, cognitive training and activities of daily living, and intervention at least 3 times a week over at least 8 weeks with, at least 30 min per session using the integrated form is recommended for improving the global and specific cognitive functions of PWD in NHs.